Tsunami-like Flow-Induced Forces on the Landward Structure behind a Vertical Seawall with and without Recurve Using OpenFOAM

It is more common to introduce the parapet/recurve/wave return wall over existing structure, such as a vertical seawall or composite reduce overtopping efficiently. The advantage of recurve on top sea has been studied in past regards wave interaction and overtopping. However, their efficiency protecting inland structure during extreme events flooding tsunami unexplored. present study addresses effect with reducing dam break surge simulating tsunami-induced forces an structure. compares momentum transferred landward behind Vertical seaWall (VW) Large ReCurve (LRC) overtopped conditions. outcome from numerical simulation shows insignificant contribution due LRC force compared VW, albeit delaying impact time. performed slightly better case low-rise located near than VW. Furthermore, VW increases overturning moment no-wall Both reduced horizontal linearly increase height. An exponential decrease was observed height LRC. Design equations are proposed for reduction based